New Delhi, India: May 31, 2008 –IR Summary - Released by Federation of God Believers - The IInd World War had started in 1939 and ended in 1945. Germany first initiated with an unprovoked attack, why? Japan also became involved in the war, why? If Great Britain and France had not declared war against Germany after Hitler’s attack on Poland, the World War IInd could have been averted.

If atomic bomb were not invented by Americans, probably there would not have been so high risk to human life and the earth as on to day, and for this, should we blame Einstein, or President Franklin D. Roosevelt of America? 

I used to think about definition and consequences of war and peace; if peace prevails for some time, conflict, battle or war is bound to follow; and unless there is conflict, there can’t be peace, which automatically bounces after war; both forms of peace and war look to be the two sides of a coin.

I used to think over seriously; should we blame Germany and Japan directly for initiating war, or someone else can also be questioned for causing IInd World War? It could be averted but no serious effort was made to do so, Britain and France acted in a hurry.

However to my mind, it’ll not be justified to conclude anything without going into its causes. If atomic bomb were not invented by Americans, probably there would not have been so high risk to human life and the earth as on today, and for this, should we blame Einstein, or President Franklin D. Roosevelt of America?

Whenever I thought of the World War II, it plunged me into deep thought about the fate of a human being, who looks to be helpless; he has no peace on the Earth. The World War IInd stayed for about 6 years, the toughest war that several nations fought, which U.K. and France could have avoided and averted.

In fact that was a total war, which was fought collectively, 61 countries with 1.7 billion people   involved, say around three quarters of the then world population. The saddest thing was that around fifty million people had lost their lives and hundreds of millions were severely injured.

I thought, no one holds any right to blame a person or country blindly unless properly analyzed; such questions struck my mind again and again. These reasons are important for the coming generations which they take it a model and base their thinking accordingly. 

Herr Hitler, who is solely blamed for initiating the World War IInd, perhaps held apprehension in his mind, wrong or right, that American scientists were advancing towards building an Atomic Bomb which was to function with nuclear power, and in near future they would like to capture most of the major nations by their nuclear might and he was opposed to that idea. He thought that he should lead the way and become the first superior nation, irrespective of its size and resources.

The United States had already started functioning towards fission process and put in the efforts in this direction and their scientists led the way by organizing a project that could exploit a method to lead them to the desired breakthrough.

G.B.Pegram of Columbia University made the first official contact to arrange a conference between Fermi and the naval department in March 1939. Alexander Sachs with the support of L. Szilard, E. Winger and Einstein presented the matter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

There was another reason for Hitler to possess angry thoughts; in 1918, Germany had lost Ist World War and as a result, it had to abandon its land and was banned from keeping armed forces in future.

In 1933, Adolf Hitler used to lead a political party in Germany called ‘National Socialists or ‘Nazis’ and the German people voted for and elected him as their leader. Adolf Hitler or Herr Hitler promised to make his country great once again and started equipping Germany so as either to seize land from other countries or to expand its territory. 

After about six months, Adolf Hitler declared an unprovoked war against Poland, about 1.25 million German soldiers swept into its Frontier at about 5 A.M. on 1st September, 1939, with their tanks and motorized troops racing into the country over ground and were supported and covered by Stuka dive bombers overhead.

But in Europe, it started on 3rd September 1939, when the Prime Minister of Britain, Neville Chamberlain, declared war on Germany. It involved many of the world's countries. France also declared war on Germany after Hitler refused to terminate his invasion on Poland. 

The World War II started when Britain and France declared war against Germany. The world was divided into two major groups; one was called ‘The Axis’ and the other ‘The Allies’ and some called them as  ‘The Allied Forces’.

The axis comprised Germany, Italy and Japan apart from Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria, the first three joined  in November 1940 and the fourth one i.e. Bulgaria joined in March 1941. There was a ‘Tripartite Pact of September 27, 1940’, which united Germany, Italy and Japan to join hands in the war.

The Allies consisted of Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Greece, India, Latvia, Lithuania, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States, USSR, Yugoslavia and others.

Though the war was then going on between the Axis and the Allies, we would better now see the development of the project of building the Atomic Bomb in America. On 6 December 1941, the project was placed under the direction of the Office of the Scientific Research & Development (OSRD).

The managing officials were J.B. Conant, Briggs, Pegram, A.H.Compton, E.O.Lawrence, H.C.Urey, E.V.Murphree, H.T.Wensel, S.K.Allison, J.W. Beams, G.Breit, E.U. Condon and H.D.Smyth. In the fall of 1941, Urey and Pegram made a visit to England to set a collective effort in the experiment of Atom Bomb.

In 1942, the then U.S. Govt. allotted necessary funds on priority basis to start the research work under the supervision of a committee headed by L.J.Briggs, Director of National Bureau of Standards.  

To accelerate their activities on the bomb-making experiment, the U.S. department organized the Manhattan district to carry forward the work.

In between, in  early 1942, an experiment was carried out in the United States to explore the possibility of super explosive and the data used were less than 100 lb of U235 or Pu239 releasing an energy equivalent to about 20,000 tons of TNT. At that time, less than 0.000001 lb of this material was produced, even though practically no scientist had exact idea about the accurate quantity of production processes.

In September 1942, Brig. Gen. L.R.Groves was appointed as head of the project for all army related activities.

In 1943, a Combined Policy Committee comprising Great Britain and Canada was formed and great many noted scientists were deputed to proceed to United States to join the Combined Project.

In short, with the passage of time, atom bombs were built and the first atomic bomb was exploded at 5-30 AM on July 16, 1945, at a site on the Alamogordo air base 120 mi. S. of Albuquerque, N.M.

In the experiment, the Atomic Bomb was detonated on top of a steel tower surrounded by scientific equipment, with remote monitoring taking place in bunkers occupied by scientists and a few dignitaries positioned there, were kept about 10,000 yards away.

“The explosion came at an intense light flash illuminating mountain 10 mi. away.  Sudden waves of heat, and later a tremendous roar as the shock wave passed and echoed in the valley. A ball of fire rose rapidly, followed by a mushroom cloud extending to 40,000 ft.  The tower was completely vaporized and the surrounding desert surface fused to glass for a radius of 800 yards.”

It was thereafter that Americans, in collaboration with the Allied Forces, dropped two Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Allied Forces considered Hiroshima as military base of Japan, whereas there was only one Army Depot and no explosives buried, hidden or otherwise    within its vicinity as per Japanese version.

Continued….