New Delhi: October 30, 2007 - Sofia Raj interviews Dr. Raj Baldev, Cosmo Theorist from India, and seeks his comments on Black Hole, being one of the global authorities. She asks Dr. Raj Baldev what relation a Black Hole has with a Galaxy or vice versa and whether the Supermassive Black Holes are detectable?

Dr. Raj Baldev: Sofia Raj, you have picked up a very apt question, a current issue that is reigning on the heads of scientists.

Dr. Raj Baldev said: “No galaxy can exist without a Black Hole. Even a normal galaxy is bound to have at least one super massive Black Hole.
A Black Hole can only develop when it has a requisite weight of around 2 Solar Masses. It can work even if it has 1.4 or a little more Solar Mass but a Black Hole of 2 Solar Masses is an ideal.

"There are two ways in a process to become a Black Hole - when it chooses to blow its own hydrogen from its centre and the other is when it starts pulling all hydrogen back in the direction it had come. This is a balancing process of a star till its hydrogen is exhausted, allowing strong gravitation to take over."

Dr. Raj Baldev continues: "Once the gravitation dominates, the star becomes unstable and begins to collapse. Once this process starts, it cannot stop and ultimately it has to cave inward upon itself to adopt the formation of a Black Hole.

"All stars on gravitational collapse do not form Black Holes. A star less than 1.4 times the Solar Mass will only become a white dwarf and not Black Hole.

"Normally a dying star having a size of 2 times of the Sun becomes a Black Hole.  A star having a mass between 1.4 and less than 2 times the mass of the Sun does not have a standard status of a Black Hole, even though it is not necessary for a star to have 2 times the mass of the Sun to become a Black Hole."

Dr. Raj Baldev: "Black Hole is always an ex star and wherever it exists in any area of the Universe, it can become a Black Hole if it has minimum or a little more than 1.4 solar mass.

"After becoming a Black Hole, its range becomes larger to haunt. When it goes nearer to a centre of any Galaxy, by that time it completely develops the status of a Supermassive Black Hole.

"Normally  in a Galaxy, a Black Hole has better chance to suck more and more material of nearby stars and thereby it increases its Solar Mass, it can expand even to millions and millions of solar masses, more it sucks the material, more the mass it adds to its invisible range."

Sofia Raj: Dr.Raj Baldev, what are the main principles of forming a Black Hole? Whether a Black Hole or Supermassive Black Hole  is detectable?

Dr. Raj Baldev: "The main principle of a Black Hole is, more the material it sucks, more the mass it adds, and helps it to enlarge and convert into a Supermassive Black Hole.

"In fact, galaxy is a preferably place of food for a Black Hole. It needs to suck the material and it is abundantly available there."

"This can be scientifically detected, when they are actively feeding on material, they openly fire out or blaze with radiation and there they become visible to be seen by the scientists,” Dr. Raj Baldev, Cosmo Theorist, head of Scientific Advance Research of Universe & Life (SAROUL) said.

Dr. Raj Baldev:"The scientists have now started believing that at least one Supermassive Black Hole lives in the heart of the active galaxies.

Sofia Raj: Dr. Raj Baldev, What are active Galaxies, and what relations it has with the  Universe?

Dr. Raj Baldev: The active galaxies are known as quasars, and they were formerly thought to be very common in the early Universe but the position is now different. In fact, the Supermassive Black Holes live in the centre of galaxies and their region is normally thick with gas and dust, which exists everywhere.

"As and when the Super massive Black Hole goes into its activity of its feeding stage, the fast moving radiation, which pour out and collide with the dust and that hide it. So, instead of openly shining, the radiation is choked by dust. In other words, the Black Holes are detectable," Dr. Raj Baldev said.

On this issue refer to NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope to study 1,000 dusty, massive galaxies known to be furiously making stars." Dr. Raj Baldev concluded. 

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